How the Network Works

Simple for the User.
Powerful Behind the Scenes.

RNRC links multiple VHF repeater sites into one shared digital radio network so members can communicate across large rural areas without having to think about which repeater site they are using.

The Basic Idea

Your radio connects to an RNRC repeater site. That site is connected to the rest of the RNRC network, allowing your conversation to reach other members even when they are using a different repeater site.

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Your Two-Way Radio Portable or vehicle-mounted radio
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RNRC Repeater Site Your radio connects to a nearby RNRC site
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RNRC Network All participating sites communicate together
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Other Members Users on other RNRC sites can receive the call

Repeater Sites Extend Your Reach

A handheld or vehicle radio by itself can only communicate so far. Repeater sites placed at elevated locations allow the network to cover much larger areas.

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High-Elevation Sites

Repeater equipment is placed at strategically selected locations where elevation and terrain provide useful coverage across rural areas.

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Receive Your Signal

When you transmit, your two-way radio sends its signal to a nearby RNRC repeater site.

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Retransmit Across the Area

The repeater receives your transmission and rebroadcasts it from a high-elevation antenna system, allowing other radios across the site's coverage area to receive the call.

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All RNRC Sites Work Together

RNRC repeater sites are linked together as part of the same network. A member using Site A can communicate with another member using Site B when both are using the same authorized talkgroup. The users do not need to be within range of the same repeater.

Different Sites, Same Conversation

The linked network is what turns individual repeater sites into a wide-area communications system.

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User A Talking through RNRC Site A
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Site A Receives User A's transmission
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Site B Receives the call through the RNRC network
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User B Hears the call through Site B
The important part: users do not need to be on the same mountain or within range of the same repeater site. If their talkgroup is available across the participating sites, the RNRC network carries the conversation between those sites.

You Don't Have to Pick the Repeater

Traditional radio systems often require users to manually change channels as they travel from one repeater coverage area to another.

RNRC is designed to make that experience much simpler. Compatible radios can automatically search for and use an appropriate RNRC site as the user travels through the network.

That means a driver can travel between coverage areas while continuing to use the same organization talkgroup rather than trying to remember which mountain or repeater channel should be selected.

Automatic Roaming

The radio can move between programmed RNRC sites as coverage changes. For most users, the network should feel like one radio system rather than a collection of separate repeaters.

Talkgroups Control Who You Communicate With

Digital radio networks use talkgroups instead of treating every user on the system as part of one large conversation.

A talkgroup functions somewhat like an operational channel. Radios assigned to that talkgroup can participate in the conversation, while users on unrelated talkgroups are not part of that traffic.

RNRC can provide organizations with dedicated talkgroups while also maintaining shared talkgroups for communications between participating organizations when needed.

Example Radio

One member's radio might include several talkgroups for different purposes.

Ranch Operations Organization use
Equipment Organization use
Shared Operations Multiple members
RNRC Calling Network-wide coordination

Why RNRC Uses VHF

RNRC is designed around VHF land mobile radio because it is well suited to the large, open, and rural operating environments the network is intended to serve.

Designed for Rural Coverage

VHF is widely used for communications across ranches, roads, open terrain, agricultural operations, and other large rural areas.

Professional Radio Equipment

RNRC uses commercial-grade digital land mobile radio equipment designed for vehicle and field use.

Independent of Cellular Coverage

Traditional RNRC radios communicate over the cooperative's radio infrastructure rather than depending on the user's cellular carrier.

Portable vs. Mobile Radios

Both types of radios can use the RNRC network, but they do not perform exactly the same way.

Portable / Handheld Radios

  • Easy to carry and use on foot
  • Lower transmit power than most vehicle radios
  • Smaller antenna
  • Coverage can be affected by buildings, terrain, and how the radio is carried
  • Best for personnel who need communications away from a vehicle

Mobile / Vehicle Radios

  • Installed in vehicles or fixed locations
  • Generally higher transmit power
  • Uses a larger externally mounted antenna
  • Typically provides more reliable communications at the edge of coverage
  • Recommended where maximum range and reliability are important
Coverage varies by radio type. A location that works well with a properly installed vehicle radio may not provide the same performance with a handheld radio. RNRC coverage information may distinguish between expected mobile and portable service.

What Connects the Repeater Sites?

RNRC repeater sites exchange information over data connections so they can operate together as one network.

This connection is known as backhaul. Depending on the site, RNRC may use point-to-point wireless links, local internet connections, or other IP networking methods.

Backhaul is what allows a transmission received at one repeater site to be carried to other RNRC sites where members of the same talkgroup may be operating.

  • Point-to-point wireless links between sites
  • Internet connectivity where appropriate
  • IP networking between repeater locations
  • Redundant paths where practical
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The Radio Link and Network Link Are Different

Your field radio communicates with the repeater using VHF radio. The repeater sites then use IP networking to communicate with the other sites in the RNRC system.

A member does not need cellular data or internet service on a normal VHF subscriber radio simply to communicate with an RNRC repeater.

Designed With Rural Reliability in Mind

Remote communications infrastructure must account for power outages, network interruptions, weather, and difficult site access.

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Backup Power

Sites can be designed with battery backup, solar power, generators, or other power systems appropriate for the location.

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Resilient Backhaul

Where practical, network paths can be designed with alternative routes or redundant connections.

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Central Management

RNRC manages network configuration and infrastructure centrally so members do not have to maintain their own repeater systems.

If a network connection fails: communications that depend on linking multiple sites may be affected. The exact behavior of an individual site depends on its configuration and the nature of the outage. RNRC's goal is to design the network so failures are isolated and service is restored as quickly as practical.

Extending RNRC Beyond the Radio Coverage Map

Traditional VHF radio is the foundation of RNRC, but optional broadband tools such as Motorola WAVE PTX and Radio-over-IP interoperability can extend access far beyond the physical coverage of the repeater network.

VHF in the Field. IP Everywhere Else.

By connecting broadband push-to-talk services with the RNRC radio network, a member can participate in RNRC communications using either a traditional VHF radio or an internet-connected WAVE PTX device. A person standing on a ranch with a VHF handheld can potentially be on the same conversation as someone hundreds or thousands of miles away using a smartphone, TLK device, or other authorized broadband connection.

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VHF Radio User Communicates normally through an RNRC repeater site.
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RNRC + WAVE Integration Radio and broadband communications are interconnected.
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Broadband User Connects through cellular data, Wi-Fi, or another suitable internet connection.

From a Nevada Repeater Site to Practically Anywhere

The VHF portion of RNRC is naturally limited by terrain and radio coverage. Broadband access changes that equation.

An authorized WAVE PTX user with suitable internet connectivity can access communications from well outside the VHF coverage area. That could mean another town, another state, or potentially another country, subject to service availability and network access.

In practical terms, this allows RNRC to connect remote VHF field users with supervisors, dispatchers, owners, office personnel, or other authorized users almost anywhere they have a usable IP connection.

Ranch Crew
VHF handheld in a remote valley
Operations Manager
WAVE PTX on a smartphone in Reno
Owner or Supervisor
WAVE PTX while traveling elsewhere

More Than Just Voice

WAVE PTX can add broadband capabilities that are not available on a conventional two-way radio alone.

Broadband Push-to-Talk

Use a smartphone, supported TLK device, tablet, or other authorized WAVE PTX endpoint to participate in push-to-talk communications.

Radio-to-Broadband Communications

Authorized WAVE users can communicate with users operating on the connected RNRC land mobile radio network.

Text Messaging

Broadband users can exchange text information in addition to normal push-to-talk voice communications.

Photos, Video & Files

WAVE PTX can support sharing photos, video, and file attachments, providing additional information that cannot be sent through a normal voice-only subscriber radio.

Location & Mapping

Supported WAVE services can provide location sharing and mapping capabilities for broadband-connected users.

Dispatch Access

Broadband dispatch capabilities can provide authorized personnel with centralized access to communications and connected users from an internet-connected workstation.

Office-to-Field Communications

Office staff can communicate with VHF field personnel without requiring a VHF base station at every office location.

Communications While Traveling

Supervisors and managers can remain connected to authorized talkgroups while outside the normal RNRC radio coverage area.

WAVE PTX and Radio-over-IP access are optional add-ons. A normal RNRC portable or mobile VHF radio does not need cellular service, Wi-Fi, a data plan, or an internet connection to use the RNRC radio network. Traditional subscriber radios communicate directly with RNRC repeater sites over VHF. The broadband system simply provides an additional way to reach the network for members who want that capability.
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Standard RNRC Radio

Uses VHF radio coverage from RNRC repeater sites.

No cellular connection required.

No Wi-Fi connection required.

No broadband subscription required simply to use the normal RNRC VHF system.

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Optional WAVE / Broadband User

Uses cellular data, Wi-Fi, or another suitable IP connection to reach WAVE PTX.

Can extend communications far beyond RNRC's physical VHF coverage.

Requires the applicable broadband device, service, integration, and WAVE PTX subscription.

Think of WAVE as an extension, not a replacement. RNRC's VHF system is still the primary field communications network. WAVE PTX and Radio-over-IP interoperability extend that network to internet-connected users who need access from outside the normal radio footprint.

A Network Designed to Expand

RNRC does not need to build every possible site on day one. The cooperative can expand as members identify new coverage needs and resources become available.

Add Repeater Sites Extend radio service into additional communities, valleys, ranches, and operating areas.
Add Capacity Increase network resources at busier locations as membership and radio traffic grow.
Add Broadband Options Expand WAVE PTX and other internet-connected communications services where they provide value to members.
Upgrade the System If RNRC eventually outgrows its initial architecture, the cooperative can move to larger MOTOTRBO system platforms.

What Does the Member Actually Have to Do?

Ideally, very little. The technology should stay in the background.

1

Select Your Talkgroup

Choose the operational group you need from the radio.

2

Press Push-to-Talk

Use the radio like a normal professional two-way radio.

3

Let the Network Handle the Rest

Roaming, repeater selection, site-to-site connectivity, and optional broadband integration happen behind the scenes as much as possible.

Ready to See Where RNRC Can Work for You?

Explore expected coverage, review approved radios, or learn how your organization can participate in the cooperative.